SOCIAL SCIENCES APPLIED TO FORESTRY AT LARGE
 
                         SOCIAL AND CULTURAL IMPACTS
 
&2065Trees for timber and trees for the forest:  Aspects of indigenous
Brouwer, J., 1997. Trees for timber and trees for the forest:  
    Aspects of indigenous knowledge of wood and stone in Karnataka, 
    India. In:  Seeland, K. and Schmithusen, F., eds.  Local 
    knowledge of forests and forest uses among tribal communities in 
    India.  Zurich:  ETH.  Forstwissenschaftliche Beitrage der 
    Professur Forstpolitik und Forstokonomie no. 19.  pp.160-170. 
 
         The author discusses the views of carpenters and sculptors 
    towards their principal raw materials, wood and stone.  
 
&2066Man's relationship with forest:  Deification of trees and plants.
Das, H.C., 1997. Man's relationship with forest:  Deification of 
    trees and plants. In:  Seeland, K. and Schmithusen, F., eds.  
    Local knowledge of forests and forest uses among tribal 
    communities in India.  Zurich:  ETH.  Forstwissenschaftliche 
    Beitrage der Professur Forstpolitik und Forstokonomie no. 19.  
    pp.90-110. 
 
         Discusses man's relationship with the forest from the 
    prehistoric period to the present day in India.  The concept of 
    sacred groves and folk religion among the tribals are discussed.  
 
&2067The human ecosystem.  Part II:  Social indicators in ecosystem ma
Force, J.E. and Machlis, G.E., 1997. The human ecosystem.  Part 
    II:  Social indicators in ecosystem management. Society and 
    Natural Resources 10(4):369-382. 
 
         The Upper Columbia River Basin is used as an example.  
 
&2068An independent report on tribal forestry:  Redefining the governm
Gordon, J. et al., 1997. An independent report on tribal 
    forestry:  Redefining the government's role. Journal of Forestry 
    95(11):10-14. 
 
         This paper summarizes the major findings of the report of 
    the Indian Forest Management Assessment Team (IFMAT) to the 
    Intertribal Timber Council in 1993.  Co-authors are:  J.F. 
    Franklin, K.N. Johnson, D. Patton, J. Sedell, J. Sessions, and E. 
    Williston. 
 
&2069Reconciling traditional Apache and western natural resource manag
Gray, R.W. and Wesley, V., 1997. Reconciling traditional Apache 
    and western natural resource management philosophies on the San 
    Carlos Apache Reservation. In:  Proceedings of the 1996 Society 
    of American Foresters Convention, Albuquerque, NM, Nov. 9-13, 
    1996.  Bethesda, MD:  Society of American Foresters.  pp.150-155. 
 
         "The Apache people at San Carlos are now faced with the 
    prospects of restoring these ecosystems to their former, 
    'balanced' state."  
 
&2070Social sustainability of forestry:  Starting points for research.
Hytonen, M., 1997. Social sustainability of forestry:  Starting 
    points for research. In:  Saastamoinen, O. and Tikka, S., eds.  
    Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Scandinavian Society 
    of Forest Economics, Mekrijarvi, Finland, March, 1996.  
    Scandinavian Forest Economics 36:175-184. 
 
         This article discusses the social dimension of 
    sustainability and concludes with an introduction of a research 
    program focusing on the social aspects of forestry in northern 
    Europe.  
 
&2071The human ecosystem.  Part I:  The human ecosystem as an organizi
Machlis, G.E., Force, J.E., and Burch, W.R., Jr., 1997. The 
    human ecosystem.  Part I:  The human ecosystem as an organizing 
    concept in ecosystem management. Society and Natural Resources 
    10(4):347-367. 
 
         The authors describe one version of what a human ecological 
    perspective might offer ecosystem managers.  They propose the 
    human ecosystem as an organizing concept for ecosystem 
    management.  
 
&2072The Yakima Indian Reservation:  Integrating Native American value
McCorquodale, S.M., Leach, R.H., King, G.M., and Bevis, K.R., 
    1997. The Yakima Indian Reservation:  Integrating Native American 
    values into commercial forestry. Journal of Forestry 
    95(11):15-18. 
 
&2073Southwest woodlands:  Cultural uses of the "forgotten forest."   
Miller, R.K., 1997. Southwest woodlands:  Cultural uses of the 
    "forgotten forest." Journal of Forestry 95(11):24-28. 
 
         Discusses the integration of tribal culture with woodland 
    resources by the Indian tribes of the U.S. Southwest.  
 
&2074Indian forestry:  From paternalism to self-determination.        
Morishima, G.S., 1997. Indian forestry:  From paternalism to 
    self-determination. Journal of Forestry 95(11):4-9. 
 
         Discusses the management of Indian forests in the U.S.  
 
&2075Symbolic representation of being in the sacred art of the Saora. 
Pathi, P., 1997. Symbolic representation of being in the sacred 
    art of the Saora. In:  Seeland, K. and Schmithusen, F., eds.  
    Local knowledge of forests and forest uses among tribal 
    communities in India.  Zurich:  ETH.  Forstwissenschaftliche 
    Beitrage der Professur Forstpolitik und Forstokonomie no. 19.  
    pp.135-149. 
 
         The Saora are a tribal community concentrated in the 
    southern part of Orissa, India.  
 
&2076The impact of human values on forest management.                 
Perley, C., 1997. The impact of human values on forest 
    management. New Zealand Forestry 42(3):19-21. 
 
         This essay argues that one of the main drivers for change in 
    forest management is a change in human values.  
 
&2077Adaptive Management Areas:  Achieving the promise, avoiding the p
Stankey, G.H. and Shindler, B., 1997. Adaptive Management Areas: 
    Achieving the promise, avoiding the peril. U.S. Forest Service, 
    General Technical Report PNW-GTR-394.  21 pp. 
 
         Ten AMAs were created in compliance with the Northwest 
    Forest Plan.  The purpose of these areas was to "encourage the 
    development and testing of technical and social approaches to 
    achieving desired ecological, economic, and other social 
    objectives."  Opportunitites to learn how to manage on an 
    ecosystem basis would be encouraged.